The U.S. economy contracted for a second straight quarter between April and June, according to official data released Thursday, adding fuel to recession fears and creating a headache for President Joe Biden ahead of midterm elections.
Gross domestic product declined at an annual rate of 0.9% in the second quarter, following a bigger drop in the first three months of the year, according to the Commerce Department.
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While not the official definition, two quarters of negative growth is commonly viewed as a strong signal that a recession is underway, and a downturn in the world's largest economy would have global consequences -- as well as domestic political costs.
Biden insisted that the U.S. economy is "on the right path" despite the slowdown, touting the strong labor market.
"That doesn't sound like a recession to me," he said in remarks at the White House, noting unemployment at near record lows and more than a million jobs created in the latest quarter.
But his critics are sure to seize on the report as proof of the veteran Democrat's mismanagement.
After a 1.6% decline in the first three months of the year, the report said the slowdown in the latest quarter was largely due to drops in government spending at all levels, in private investment on goods including autos, and on residential buildings, despite an increase in exports.
But personal consumption expenditures (PCE) continued to increase, though at a slower rate than the prior quarter, the data showed.
Still, American families continue to feel the bite from sky-high inflation, as a result of supply chain snarls due to Covid-19 lockdowns, as well as the fallout from Russia's war in Ukraine, which has sent food and fuel prices soaring.
Consumer prices topped nine percent in June, the highest in more than four decades, and the GDP data showed another key inflation measure, the PCE price index, rose a still-high 7.1% in the latest three months, the same as in the January-March period.
But gas prices at the pump have fallen 74 cents since hitting a record of more than $5 a gallon in mid-June.
The U.S. central bank has been raising interest rates aggressively -- with the latest big hike on Wednesday -- to try to cool the economy and tamp down price pressures.
"It's no surprise that the economy is slowing down as the Federal Reserve acts to bring down inflation," Biden said in a statement shortly after the GDP report was released.
"But even as we face historic global challenges, we are on the right path and we will come through this transition stronger and more secure," he said.
Recession debate
It would be highly unusual for an economy still adding jobs at a rapid pace, and with near record-low unemployment, to fall into recession. Even so, many economists say the discussion of a downturn is more a matter of when, not if.
That poses a major political headache for the president, who has seen his approval ratings plummet in recent months.
"The government just announced what every American has been feeling for nearly a year -- we are in a recession," House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy said on Twitter. "Democrats would rather redefine a recession than restore a healthy economy."
But Fed Chair Jerome Powell agreed with Biden and other economists who say the GDP figures are inconsistent with other strong data.
Powell on Wednesday said he does not think the country is currently in a recession because "there are too many areas of the economy that are performing too well."
Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said Thursday there was a path to lower inflation without triggering an uptick in joblessness, though she acknowledged "numerous risks" to the economic outlook.
Mike Fratantoni, chief economist of the Mortgage Bankers Association, was among those who echoed Powell's view, saying: "The ongoing strength in the job market and other signs of growth make it unlikely that this will be categorized as a recession."
Powell also said it is possible to cool price pressures without causing a downturn or a big jump in joblessness, although he acknowledged the path to threading that needle is narrowing.
But economist Mohamed El-Erian said on Twitter that the data point to "deepening stagflation and flashing red recession risk."
That impression may be the one that sticks in the minds of investors and consumers.
Wall Street was initially not happy with the data, but stocks rebounded and ended the day with solid gains of more than one percent.
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